I cover aerospace, astronomy and host The Cosmic Controversy Podcast. Got it! getty
The whole world has been awestruck by the magnificent images produced by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. Webb has already turned astronomy on its head and renewed debate about how the cosmos first formed and evolved. But there were years of delays in its development that frustrated both researchers and the public at large. So, at the 241st meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) this month in Seattle, a major topic of discussion was lessons learned from Webb’s extended gestation period. And, specifically, how to take this hard-won experience and use it to proceed with the next generation of revolutionary space telescopes. NASA’S first Great Space Observatories were the Spitzer Infrared Space Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra x-ray Observatory and the Compton gamma-ray Observatory. Of the four, only Chandra and Hubble are still operational. But both NASA and the professional astronomical community are already discussing the yet unfunded next generation of space-based ‘New Great Observatories.’
They are: The Habitable Worlds Observatory (IROUV), the X-ray Great Observatory (based on the Lynx X-ray Observatory Mission Concept), and the Far-Infrared (FIR) Great Observatory, based on the Origins Space Telescope Mission Concept. In 2020 fiscal year dollars, the Habitable Worlds Observatory which would be launched first would have a total cost of $11 billion. The other two observatories would clock in around $5 billion each. If we can grow the budget then we can see all three in the sky by 2045, Grant Tremblay, an astrophysicist at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and AAS Vice President, told me via phone and email. MORE FOR YOU
As for lessons learned from Webb’s development? The biggest one is don't put your inventions on the back burner, says Tremblay. Before you start building the telescope, front load the riskiest most uncertain technologies and do the hardest things first, he says. The Great Observatories Mission & Technology Maturation Program (GOMaP) will mature enabling ... [+] technologies for three mission entrants, beginning with the Habitable Worlds Observatory (formerly called the IR/O/UV observatory), and followed by X-ray and Far-Infrared Great Observatories inspired by the Lynx and Origins mission concepts, respectively. Note that the images of these observatories are completely notional, as telescope architectures have yet to be finalized. "The New Great Observatories Coalition (www.greatobservatories.org)"
The first mission is now formally called the Habitable World (HabWorld) Observatory, says Tremblay. It will do spectroscopy of 25 exo-earths with a very sensitive, segmented-mirror telescope that can image with extremely high, one in a 10 billion contrast, he says. This mission's biggest challenge will be to suppress a star’s light so that light reflected by a potentially habitable exoplanet can be separated from the contaminating glare of its host star, says Tremblay. This light will have passed through the planet’s atmosphere before crossing tens of light years of interstellar space to the HabWorlds telescope, says Tremblay. But after removing nearly all the contaminating starlight, we will analyze light from the planet’s atmosphere and look for molecular biosignatures indicative of life, he says. It’s possible that the observatory will look somewhat like Webb, except that it won’t have a sunshade, says Tremblay. As for the other two planned observatories? Inspired by the Lynx mission concept, this x-ray observatory will have a much larger field of view and orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than any previous such x-ray observatory, says Tremblay. And it will observe everything from the poles of our own planet Jupiter to black holes at the edge of time, he says. The Origins design, with an expanded four-meter class monolithic aperture, will help us better understand the origin and destiny of the cosmos, says Tremblay. And in many ways, it will reveal how the universe becomes complex, he says. It will follow the trail of water throughout cosmic time as well as observe chemical complexity in both star-forming regions and the cold, dusty cosmic realms that fuel star and planet formation, says Tremblay. LONDON, ENGLAND - JULY 12: A general view of the broadcast of NASA's first images from James Webb ... [+] Space Telescope to screens in Picadilly Circus on July 12, 2022 in London, England. The imagery from the James Webb Space Telescope was also broadcast to screens in Times Square as part of a global collaboration between Landsec and NASA. (Photo by Ricky Vigil/Getty Images)
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But the route to this next generation of observatories will still be arduous. Our current development paradigm could best be described as pre-industrial or handmade artisanal, says Tremblay. Everything about it is one of a kind —- from the instruments to the focal plane array, he says. As for why Webb took so long to see fruition? During Webb’s development, Tremblay notes that there were four U.S. presidential administrations and twenty-two government shutdowns. Webb also required ten brand new inventions before bending metal in the telescope, says Tremblay. They started polishing Webb’s mirrors before five of the ten technologies had been invented, he says. Webb also had nine layers of subcontractors with nine teams of lawyers, says Tremblay. Everything gets really expensive when you add in subcontracting layers; so, frankly, it’s no surprise that Webb took twenty years to build, he says. As for the intangible benefits such observatories offer? We live in a very fractured world, says Tremblay. But everyone is fascinated by what lies beyond; where we came from; where we’re going; and how we got here, he says. “These great observatories make us feel more like one civilization on our lonely, shining paradise of a planet,” Tremblay told me. “And there is immense power in that.”
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After Webb? NASA Is Already Planning New Great Space Observatories

‘A Great Space to Be In’: Q&A with Curaleaf’s Talley Wettlaufer
Curaleaf’s vice president of retail reflects on the customer experience, evolving retail trends, and the industry’s biggest challenges and opportunities this year. Talley Wettlaufer, vice president of retail for multistate cannabis operator Curaleaf , says she was one of the few people who tried to convince a recruiter that she wasn’t the right fit for her current role. “I got an email from a recruiter on LinkedIn, just saying, ‘Hey, would you talk to us?’” Wettlaufer says. “And I said, ‘Sure, I’ll have a conversation.’ I was really excited about the opportunity [with Curaleaf ]—such growth, such evolution. It was really a time to create something and to take my familiar retail experiences and lessons from that and put it into a new industry that really hadn’t been defined. That said, I was like, ‘Are you sure you want me? Are you sure you think I’m the right candidate?’”
Wettlaufer, in fact, was the right candidate. She has over two decades of expertise in global merchandising, retail expansion, and profit loss and management, and previously held roles with J. Crew, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Petco. She moved to California shortly after the state launched legal adult-use sales in 2018 and says “it’s been an amazing journey since then.”
Here, Wettlaufer reflects on the customer experience, evolving retail trends, and the industry’s biggest challenges and opportunities this year. Editor’s note: This interview has been edited for style, length and clarity. Melissa Schiller: Can you highlight some of the lessons from retail in other industries that you’ve carried over to the cannabis industry? Talley Wettlaufer: I think great service is important no matter what industry you’re in. So, it’s great service whether you’re in an apparel store, whether you’re in a restaurant—it’s common across any industry. Every customer has an experience. I think one of the pieces is constantly looking at, how do we deliver a great customer experience? How do we make sure that we’re meeting our customer in whatever way they want to be met in whatever shopping experience? We all have moments where sometimes we want to be fast and frictionless, and we want to be in and out. Sometimes, we want to browse. Sometimes, we want to have conversations. I think that has been an important guiding principle of how I’ve looked at creating retail at Curaleaf. How do we meet our customer wherever they are on their journey, and meet them in each of those scenarios? [I’ve been] looking at our team and our associates and making sure that we’re delivering a positive experience for them, too. Communication, consistency and breeding loyalty to Curaleaf is important. [Our employees are] our best advocates, so it’s really important that we have teams that have ownership and understanding and support and can really speak well and fluidly to our customers and deliver that experience. At the end of the day, it really is up to our field team to be able to deliver [that]. MS: What is something most people don’t realize about working in the cannabis industry? TW: How driven everybody is in the industry and how you need to be driven. Really being able to embrace change and adapt and pivot [is important], whether suddenly you’re moving to adult-use, to a changing regulatory environment, to new products, to the constantly changing customer expectation. You have to be dynamic, and you have to be passionate about what you do to be successful. If you haven’t gone into a dispensary yet or don’t understand the market, I think that can be surprising. I think people think about it as this clandestine [industry where] everybody gets high all the time, and it is a more familiar retail experience than I think most people understand. One of the comments I [receive] is people not understanding that all the products come from the state. There’s no cross-border commerce, [and] people just are constantly surprised about, “Hey, I can’t get what I bought in California in Arizona?” Or [they are surprised] that actually everything is made there. That’s just an eye-opener for them, like, “Why don’t I have the same product I bought here?” Well, you can’t. It’s still federally illegal, so interstate commerce isn’t available to us. And truly, all the products are local and really based on the market dynamics. MS: What’s the biggest challenge in managing a multi-state cannabis operator like Curaleaf? How have you worked to overcome this challenge in your current role? TW: The various markets’ maturity and the variety of regulatory landscapes we operate in. I think you have such differences from the West Coast, whether it’s Arizona or Colorado, to an East Coast market to everything in between, between medical and adult-use and [market] maturity. One of my biggest focuses is to build on commonalities. How do we have a strong foundation [with] people, processes, and customer experience and not get caught up in all the nuances? It’s very easy to sit there and say, “This market is different. These products are different.” And you get so caught up in the differences that you don’t get a lot of leverage, and it’s a lot harder to change. So, that’s been a big piece for us, is building that foundation to be able to get leverage and to be able to react to market changes quickly. MS: What are some of the biggest opportunities that you see for the cannabis industry this year? Is there anything you’re particularly excited about, whether it’s retail trends, legislation or regulatory changes? TW: I think adult-use [legalization] in the East Coast markets is really welcome and will be really exciting. New Jersey hopefully will allow adult-use [sales] in the next couple months. We know that we’ve got Connecticut and New York that have all passed adult-use. So, that’s super exciting. It’s a huge unlock. It’s bringing new customers into this space and really expanding this industry. Those are highly visible markets, and I think it’s really exciting. In addition, new products—the continued evolution of products and the more sophisticated [products] and the variety we’re seeing in the markets, whether it’s the growth of the beverage space [or] new edibles. We’ve just launched, in most of our markets, [Select] X Bites, which is an extended-release edible. The technology and products, between that [and] beverages—I think the evolution of products in the market and the new consumers in the space are really exciting and great challenges for us. MS: What are some of your shorter- and longer-term goals in your role at Curaleaf? TW: Building a common foundation. How do we have common systems, processes, people? And then we’re continuing to evolve the customer experience. The customer is changing. Our goal is to have that familiar retail experience so that when you’re walking into a dispensary or you’re walking into another retail store, it feels comfortable, it feels like something that you know and that you’ve been through before. Buying cannabis shouldn’t feel illicit. It shouldn’t feel different. And we’re continuing to do that as expectations change, as products get more nuanced. How do we talk about that? How do we make sure that we have all the opportunities to educate in those places, whether it’s on our online venues, in-store [or] our team’s knowledge? And then we’re continuing to grow and evolve. As I said, all the markets are in different places, so that’s the challenge. How do you take knowledge from some of the more sophisticated markets in the west, how do we take those experiences, and how do we play them back in some of our more developing markets? MS: How is consumer education evolving as the industry matures? Do you find that customers are generally more knowledgeable now than they were, say, five years ago? Is there still a lot of consumer education to be done? TW: I think it really depends on which market you’re operating in. I think that’s one of the challenges, is where you are. Obviously, there’s a sophistication on the West Coast. I’m in Arizona today, and you’re talking to most people and they’re talking about higher dosages, [they’re] more familiar with different products, terpenes, different onset times, different form factors. There’s more competition compared to some of the more medical markets like New Jersey where folks have been brought the vertical product, much smaller selection, much more highly regulated. Or even in Pennsylvania, that doesn’t have edibles—I think those are the nuances that you deal with from market to market. MS: How have cannabis retail trends evolved during your time in the industry, and how do you envision cannabis retail evolving as the industry matures? TW: I think a great retail experience is a great retail experience whether you’re buying cannabis or clothes or going to a restaurant. I think service is service, and I think the foundation [is] making it more familiar, making it a place where people feel comfortable, that it doesn’t feel illicit, that it’s a warm and welcoming place that has hospitality and empathy and a great understanding of the customer, and then continuing to deliver on that. That’s not going to change. The customer will change, and our job is to continue to move and evolve and listen and adapt. You go into some of the older dispensaries, and they feel a little dark and they feel a little illicit compared to the new ones that are brighter [and more] light filled. You’ve got technology working, whether it’s ordering on tablets or an open concept, display cases, storytelling, different pieces of screen and video—I think all of that has continued to evolve, just like any other retail business. And that’s really our focus, to take our cues from other industries and bring it back to the cannabis space. The beauty is that we don’t have a ton of legacy or history that has guided us [and] forced us into a footprint or boxes. We have a blank space to create that and listen to our customers, which is what we’re good at. Guiding someone on their cannabis journey is all about listening, understanding what the customer needs and wants, and recommending products. So many people are new to this space, so it’s leveraging that and putting that into our retail experience. MS: What advice would you offer to new or existing cannabis operators who want to succeed in this industry? TW: Don’t overcomplicate it. I’ve said this before to the team—it’s easy to really get wrapped up in the regulatory environment, which, don’t get me wrong, is complicated, and all the nuances can be overwhelming. But I think, again, look at, what is the best service you’ve gotten? What was your best deployment experience? Have those things to guide you in your decision making, and really focus on the customer and what’s right for them. And understand [that] it’s going to evolve and change. One of the things I always say to my team is, focus on the immediate and incremental improvement. How do you continue to get better and listen to your customer? I think the cannabis space and Curaleaf have been so exciting and growing and just continuing to evolve and deliver beyond what customer expectations are. I think it’s a great space to be in. Editor’s note: Talley Wettlaufer serves on the Cannabis Conference 2022 Advisory Board, which is comprised of cultivators, and dispensary and business professionals who were carefully selected for their industry leadership, expertise and passion for the advancement of the commercial cannabis market. Cannabis Conference 2022 will be held Aug. 23-25, 2022, at the Paris Las Vegas Hotel & Casino. When Canada’s legal cannabis market launched in 2018, Canadians were legally permitted to grow up to four plants at home for personal use—but not in Quebec, where the province’s Cannabis Regulation Act prohibits home cultivation. Now, the Supreme Court of Canada has agreed to weigh the constitutionality of Quebec’s law, according to a Global News report . Janick Murray-Hall challenged Quebec’s ban on home cultivation, which the province’s Superior Court declared unconstitutional in 2019 when it ruled that the law fell under federal jurisdiction, the news outlet reported. The decision was then overturned in 2021 by the Quebec Court of Appeal, sending Murray-Hall to the Supreme Court, according to Global News. A date has not yet been set for the hearing. New York grabbed national headlines when state officials announced March 9 that they will issue the state’s first adult-use cannabis dispensary licenses to applicants with cannabis-related convictions. The following day, Gov. Kathy Hochul provided more details on the state’s plans to prioritize those most impacted by the war on drugs in the adult-use cannabis licensing process. In a March 10 announcement, Hochul unveiled the “Seeding Opportunity Initiative,” which aims to “position individuals with prior cannabis-related criminal offenses to make the first adult-use cannabis sales with products grown by New York farmers,” according to a press release from her office. The plan will allow the state to launch adult-use sales before the end of the year, the press release said, while ensuring support for social equity applicants and investing in the communities most disproportionately impacted by the enforcement of cannabis prohibition. “New York State is making history, launching a first-of-its-kind approach to the cannabis industry that takes a major step forward in righting the wrongs of the past,” Hochul said in a public statement. “The regulations advanced by the Cannabis Control Board today will prioritize local farmers and entrepreneurs, creating jobs and opportunity for communities that have been left out and left behind. I'm proud New York will be a national model for the safe, equitable and inclusive industry we are now building.”
The state’s Cannabis Control Board (CCB) advanced two key components of the just-announced Seeding Opportunity Initiative at its March 10 meeting, according to the press release. First, the board submitted its proposed regulations for Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary licenses for public comment. As part of New York’s Seeding Opportunity Initiative, this classification of retail licenses must be granted to social equity applicants who have prior cannabis-related criminal offenses and who also have a background in owning and operating a small business. These licensees will be the first to open their doors to sell adult-use cannabis in the state. The second order of business at the CCB’s meeting this week was approving a license application process for hemp farmers seeking to grow adult-use cannabis this spring. These licenses, called Adult-Use Conditional Cultivator Licenses, were authorized by legislation that Hochul signed into law last month to allow New York’s existing hemp operators to initially supply the state’s adult-use market. The CCB has set March 15 as the opening date for the application portal for the Adult-Use Conditional Cultivator Licenses. “Our state’s cannabis law sets a high goal for creating an equitable industry that puts New Yorkers first,” CCB Chair Tremaine Wright said in a public statement. “The Seeding Opportunity Initiative puts us on a path for achieving that goal and hopefully models a way forward for reaching those goals while building a stable market. I am thankful for the support of Gov. Hochul and the Legislature, which made it possible for us to get this initiative off the ground quickly, establish a supply chain from our farmers to equity, retailers, and generate the resources to help revitalize communities that were harmed by the disproportionate enforcement of cannabis prohibition.”
The Seeding Opportunity Initiative is made up of three programs, according to the announcement from Hochul’s office. The Equity Owners Lead Program provides Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary Licenses to eligible social equity applicants. The application process will open in this summer, with the first licenses awarded in late summer or early fall. Applicants must meet the following criteria to qualify for a Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary license, according to the press release:
Have a cannabis-related offense that occurred prior to the passage of the Marijuana Regulation and Tax Act (MRTA) on March 31, 2021 , or had a parent, guardian, child, spouse, or dependent with a pre-MRTA cannabis offense in the State of New York. Have experience owning and operating a qualifying business in the State of New York. The regulations governing the application process, which have been submitted for public comment, include information about what application materials are required to apply for a Conditional Adult-Use Retail Dispensary License and sets guidelines for how the New York Office of Cannabis Management (OCM) will review and evaluate the applications. A separate forthcoming package of regulations will outline the requirements for operating a dispensary under this license type, according to the press release. The second program in the Seeding Opportunity Initiative, the Farmers First Program, is the one that will provide Adult-Use Conditional Cultivator Licenses to New York’s hemp farmers, allowing them to grow cannabis for the adult-use market during the 2022 growing season. Farmers who ultimately receive an Adult-Use Conditional Cultivator License must participate in sustainability and equity mentorship programs that aim to help build the first generation of social equity cannabis business operators across the supply chain. Finally, the Seeding Opportunity Initiative proposes the New York Social Equity Cannabis Investment Program. Hochul previously announced a $200 million fund meant to support the state’s social equity cannabis businesses; this program would direct industry licensing fees and private equity to support the development of social equity dispensaries. The Dormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY) would provide support through its leasing and construction services to help retailers locate “at prime locations,” according to the press release from Hochul’s office. DASNY services would also help dispensary operators renovate these locations to meet health, safety and security requirements. The New York Social Equity Cannabis Investment Program is currently under discussion with the New York Legislature, according to the press release. “The Seeding Opportunity Initiative truly sets New York’s program apart from other states that have legalized adult-use, by starting out of the gate with an equity- and sustainability-led program that will supply equity entrepreneur-owned dispensaries with sun-grown cannabis products,” said CCB member Jen Metzger in a public statement. “It is a great start to building a new industry in which small businesses can thrive and generational wealth can be created."

‘A Great Space to Be In’: Q&A with Curaleaf’s Talley Wettlaufer

Talley Wettlaufer, vice president of retail for multistate cannabis operator Curaleaf, says she was one of the few people who tried to convince a recruiter that she wasn't the right fit for her current role. "I got an email from a recruiter on LinkedIn, just saying, 'Hey, would you talk to us?'" Wettlaufer says. "And I said, 'Sure, I'll have a conversation.' I was really excited about the opportunity [with Curaleaf ]-such growth, such evolution. It was really a time to create something and to take my familiar retail experiences and lessons from that and put it into a new . . .

'A Great Space to Be In': Q&A with Curaleaf's Talley Wettlaufer

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will launch the James Webb Space telescope on December 25. The mammoth telescope is scheduled to launch at 7:20 am eastern time from South America's northeastern coast. James Webb Telescope (Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons)
Cayenne, December 24: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will launch the James Webb Space telescope on December 25. The mammoth telescope is scheduled to launch at 7:20 am eastern time from South America's northeastern coast. Notably, the James Webb Telescope's launch was already delayed twice within a week due to a technical snag. The telescope is touted as NASA's next great space observatory. Hubble Telescope Captures Unprecedented, Early View of Destruction of Doomed Star. Before Christmas Day, the telescope was scheduled to launch on Friday. However, it was postponed due to poor weather at the launch site. It has witnessed a set of delays. Thousands of people have worked on it over the decades. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Successfully Completes Final Testing and is Ready to Ship, Says US Space Agency. The entire cost of the telescope is USD 10 billion. The James Webb Space Telescope is considered the successor to the iconic Hubble Space Telescope. The telescope will explore every phase of cosmic history -- from within our solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe and everything in between. The Webb Space Telescope is an international partnership with the European and Canadian space agencies. The Webb uses two types of detectors in order to sense shorter or longer wavelength light. "The James Webb Space Telescope is the most complex space science observatory ever built. Its revolutionary science is made possible by key contributions from NASA's expertise in Silicon Valley, and will allow scientists to explore parts of the universe never seen before," NASA said. Notably, the Webb was first targeted to launch in March this year. It was later pushed back to October due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and technical challenges. In September, NASA confirmed its plans to launch the telescope into orbit on December 18, which was again moved back to December 22 and then to December 24. (The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Dec 24, 2021 09:11 AM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com ).

James Webb Space Telescope To Be Launched On Christmas Day From French Guiana; Know All About NASA's Next 'Great Space Observatory'

By Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsNovember 7, 2021
This artist’s concept shows the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, spacecraft, in its orbit around Earth. Launched in 2009, it isn’t new, but its advanced looks make it an ideal header image when discussing future space telescopes. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
The Lynx X-Ray Observatory, conceived at the Center for Astrophysics, is included in a new series of powerful telescopes that have been recommended as a national priority. The 2020 Decadal Survey for Astronomy and Astrophysics has recommended a new series of three Great Observatories — or space-based telescopes — as a top national priority for the future of space astrophysics. The Lynx X-Ray Observatory is included as part of this vision. Dozens of scientists and engineers at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian teamed with colleagues around the world to define the observatory’s scientific objectives, conceptualize its design and work on key technologies. Known as the Decadal Survey , the report evaluates astrophysics and astronomy programs and prioritizes them for the next decade of transformative science. Findings from the survey are submitted as recommendations to NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy to guide funding requests and allocations for astrophysics over the next 10 years. Illustration of the Lynx X-ray Observatory. Credit: Lynx Study Team
“I am pleased to hear that the scientific community endorses a vision for the New Great Observatories that includes Lynx,” says Charles Alcock, director of the Center for Astrophysics (CfA). “Lynx will transform our understanding of the cosmos by providing by far the most sensitive X-ray vision into the otherwise invisible universe.”
CfA scientists were a key part of the group that first conceived of a revolutionary X-ray observatory a decade ago. Over the past several years, more than 70 CfA scientists and engineers have worked with researchers from two NASA centers, dozens of universities, and several aerospace industry partners on the NASA-commissioned Lynx mission concept study . The extensive report outlines Lynx’s scientific potential, initial design, and associated cutting-edge technology. “Lynx will be an extraordinary advancement over its predecessor, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory,” says Alexey Vikhlinin, co-chair of the Lynx science and technology team and an astronomer at the CfA. “It will provide factors of 100 to 1,000 times improvement in key metrics such as sensitivity for detecting and locating faint sources, as well as high-resolution spectroscopy to measure the energy distributions for objects ranging from nearby stars to distant quasars. Lynx will enable one of the largest performance leaps in the history of astronomy.”
X-rays are invisible to the human eye, but can be studied with specially designed telescopes and cameras. For astronomical sources, X-rays cannot be detected from the ground because they are absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere. To surmount this, Lynx will hover about one million miles away from the Earth and orbit around the Sun. “The Lynx X-ray Observatory will belong to all astronomers, and will contribute to revolutionary discoveries about our universe,” says Harvey Tananbaum, an astronomer at the CfA who co-led the proposal for what is now the Chandra X-ray Observatory . “Lynx will reveal invisible drivers of the cosmos,” says Grant Tremblay an astronomer at the CfA and member of the Lynx concept study team. “It will act as an indispensable force-multiplier for a triad of Observatories that will be greater together than they ever could be apart.”

New Series of Three Great Space Telescope Observatories for the Future of Astrophysics

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